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President Obama won a second term thanks to record high turnout among black voters and the first-ever decline in the number of white voters, a U.S. Census report released Wednesday shows.

For the first time, African Americans were more likely to vote than non-Hispanic whites were: 66.2% of eligible blacks voted, compared with 64.1% of whites. Since the Census Bureau began publishing voting data by race in 1968, whites had voted at higher levels than black.

"That's a landmark in American history," says William Frey, a demographer at the Brookings Institution. "And it's pretty clear that black turnout made a huge difference." His analysis of voting data shows that Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney would have won or tied Obama in the popular vote if groups had turned out at the same rates they did in 2004.

The voting demographics in November boosted Obama's prospects, but some of the ingredients might not apply in future elections. The re-election campaign by the nation's first African-American president presumably helped energize black voters, although black turnout has been increasing since 1996.

And while Romney won the solid support of those whites who voted, he failed to convince some whites to show up at the polls.

Besides a lower voting rate, the number of white voters declined in 2012. There were 1.1 million more eligible white voters in 2012 than in 2008, but their total votes cast dropped by more than 2 million -- the first time any racial group has shown a decline in net voting since the Census began tracking the issue, in 1996.

The nation's fastest-growing ethnic group continued to vote at relatively low levels, reducing their potential political clout. Hispanics swelled from 6.1% of the eligible electorate in 1996 to 10.8% in 2012. But just 48% of Latino citizens voted in 2012, down almost two percentage points from 2008. Their share of the actual vote to 8.4%.

Overall, 61.8% of eligible citizens voted, lower than voter turnout in 2004 and 2008 but higher than in 1996 and 2000.

The Census report was based on a survey of about 60,000 households taken in November. Unlike the exit polls of voters conducted by news organizations, the Census doesn't ask respondents who they voted for but only whether they voted.

"Over the last five presidential elections, the share of voters who were racial or ethnic minorities rose from just over one in six in 1996 to more than one in four in 2012," author Thom File wrote in the report, titled "The Diversifying Electorate."